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英语导游——Sichuan Geography and Environment（导游词）
Sichuan Province is located on the upper reach of the Yangtse River.It is widely known as the land of abundance for its fertile land.Its east longitude extends from97o21'to 110o12'while its north latitude from 26o03'to 34o19',The province is about 1200 km from east to west by 900km from nlrth to south.
Sichuan is an inland province and it ranks the fifth in China for is vast territory.Its land border of about 570000 sq.m is shared with Hubei and Hu-nan to the East ,Guizhou and Yunnan to the West,It is located to the west of Yibet and North of Qinghai ,Gansu and Shaanxi.
Sichuan encompasses landforms of great diversity ,ranging from the Sichuan basin in the east to the highlands and mountains in the west ,The East of Sichuan ranges from 200m to 700m above sealevel.It is completely surrounded by highlands,which range from 1500m to 3000m above sea level.Because of the different landrorm disposition the east of Sichuan resembles the structure of a basin on the surface and covers the area of 17000sq.m with a subtropical monsoon climate and plenty of rainfall.As one of the four basins in China,the area greatly fits diversified agricultural development .traditionally it grows rice,wheat ,rape-seed and sweat potatoes.It also grows medicinal plants and herbs that are sold all over the country.
The west of Sichuan has a climate subject to a cold continental climate except for the deep river valleys there.the morthwest of the highlands has comparatively lower-leveled,valleys and its land surface remains extensive where grass grows luxury-antly and offers invariably favorite conditions to the develoment of animal husbandry .In the southeast the highlands resemble different segments being cut off by the typical land structure,and many rivers flowing crosswise.There the high mountains and deep valleys have vast forests and grasslands.
Sichuan has more than 1300 rivers , particularly all in the Changjiang river systen.The Jinsha,the upper section of the Changjiang river,is called the changjiang after meeting the Minjiang at Yibin .The changjiang has five major tributaries in Sichuan:the Yalong River,the Minjiang River,the Tuojiang River ,the Jialing River,the Tuojiang River ,the Jialing River and the Qinjiang River .Many of the rivers in Sichuan folw rapidly among hills ,mountains and gorges,making it the number one proince in hydroelectric power potential.
Why do many people call Sichuan as the land of abundance or the state of Tianfu?
Based on the ancient document,Tianfu was the official title .Its official responsibility was to take care of national valuable jewelry and other rare treasures .So Tianfu had an extended meaning relaging to treasure storage.Later ,people often used Tianfu as a figure of speech to imply the area with fertile land where diversified products were produced.
Before the Qin emperor unified the whole China ,the Tianfu area included both the Chengdu and Hanzhong plains,Although the State of Shu in the three Kingdom Period covered the most part of Sichuan and Hanzhong which now helongs to the part of Shanxi ,the tianfu area mainly referred to the chengdu plain because of the well-known Du-jiang irrigation system.Gradually the state of the Tianfu became a synonym for Sichuan.
The local geographical and natural advantages made Sichuan well known for the land of abundance.Furthermore, the following historic examples show that Sichuan mot only has an important position,but also is a good place to stay.
The ancient Sichuan mainly refers to the two areas by the names of Sichuan basin and hanzhong basin with fertile fields and mild climate .partic-ularly the Chengdu plain in Sichuan basin benefited from the dujiang Irrigation System since the Qin Dynasty(221~206 BC).Due to the irrigation system and natural advantages ,local Sichuan farmers worked hard in the fields and produced rich harvests .There was an old saying :mo serious flood or drought disaster ever occurred and local people had enough food to eat ever since the Qin and Han Dynasties.
The Sichuan basin is completely surrounded by high mountains.the ancient Chinese history witsuffered in central China .However,the mountains had geographically prevented the spread of ghe wardisasters into the ancient Sichuan.therefore,localpeople were able to live in peace.
Besides ,the ancient Sichuan had a very important strategic position. During the warring States period(403-221BC),the king of the Qin State occupied first the two states called Ba and Shu in Sichuan before he started his ambitious plan to establish his dynasty in the whole china .
Under the Qin Dynasty Liu Bang was the king in charge of the ancient Sichuan .By the end of the Qin Dynasty he joined extensive military attacks against the Qin Dynasty.Liu Bang successfully occupied the capital of the Qin Dynasty and became the first emperor of the Han Dynasty (206 Bc~220 AD).
Towards the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty ,peasant rebellions and warlord uprisings plagued the whole country .Zhu gegliang,a well-known military strategist and statesman,persuaded Liu Bei ,one of the former han generals,to take up the state of old Shu and establish his own kingdon with its capital in Chengdu .Liu Bei accepted the advice.His army launched a series of hard attacks against the army fron the old Shu and finally Liu Bei se6 up his own kingdon in Sichuan by the name of Shu .the territory of china was then carved up into the three kingdoms ruled by the kings of Shu ,Wei ,and Wu.
Towards the end of the Three Kingdon pperiod(220~280)the kingdom of Wei in central China first destroyed the Shu and then the wei's army marched down into the south of the lower reaches of the yantzer River where the state of Wu existed.
Im the imddle of the Tang Dynasty(618-907) there were two serious war disasters, which occurred in central china .The emperors and their governments all moved away from the capital on the site of present-day Xi'an and Took refuge in Sichuan.
In the Song Dynasty (960-1279)war disasters occurred one after another in central China,but Sichuan found itself in peace.
During the Anti-Japanese War(1937-1945),the Japanese invaders occupied and brutally exploited most of China's major areas .Jiang Jieshek and his republican government withdrew from Manjing and moved the capital to Sichuan .Sichuan became an important rear base supporting the Anti-Japanese War in China until 1945.
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爱是一种感受，即使痛苦，也会觉得幸福；
爱是一种体会，即使心碎，也会觉得甜蜜；
爱是一种经历，即使破碎，也会觉得美丽；
......
发表于 2004-8-27 12:24
发表于 2004-8-27 18:11
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